Alliance: FAQ and Factsheets: Law Enforcement
FAQ and Factsheets: Law Enforcement
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[1]
Campus Crime Victims
Victims of campus violence, like all victims of crime, react to their victimizations in many different ways. Immediately after the crime, victims often struggle with feelings of fear, helplessness, confusion, guilt, self-blame, shock, disbelief, denial, anger, shame and numerous other emotions.
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From: [3] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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Campus Crimes: Federal & State Legislation
Federal Legislation;
State Legislation;
References;
Bibliography;
For additional information
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From: [6] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[7]
Child Victims and the Law
The law has traditionally treated children differently than other victims. State criminal codes define many crimes against children separately from the same offenses committed against adults.
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From: [9] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[10]
Civil Justice for Crime Victims
More than 35 million Americans are victimized by crime each year. The consequences of crime frequently extend far beyond the criminal act. All too often victims are left with expenses for medical procedures, physical rehabilitation, counseling and lost wages. It is estimated that crime costs victims $345 billion annually. Although many crime victims and their families have some knowledge about the legal system, they are often unaware that there are two systems of justice available in which to hold the offender accountable—the criminal justice system and the civil justice system.
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From: [12] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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[13]
Constitutional Rights for Crime Victims
The rights of crime victims have only begun to be recognized in the law during the last two decades. Prior to that, crime victims had no rights during the criminal justice process. They did not have to be informed of court proceedings or of the arrest or release of the defendant, they had no right to be present during the trial or other proceedings, and they had no right to make a statement to the court at sentencing or at other hearings.
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From: [15] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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Crime Prevention
Although crime and victimization rates have steadily declined since the early 1990's, society's perception and fear of crime is still very high. Greater participation between community members and local law enforcement is needed to help ensure that crime and victimization rates continue to decline. Crime prevention is a concept that can help reduce crime and public fear and perception of crime.
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From: [18] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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[19]
Crime Victims & Corrections
In 1982, the Final Report of the President’s Task Force on Victims of Crime included four key recommendations to improve victim services in the parole process.
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From: [21] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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[22]
Crisis Intervention
Crisis is defined as "a dramatic emotional or circumstantial upheaval in a person's life" and "a stage in a sequence of events at which the trend of all future events, especially for better or for worse, is determined; a turning point."
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From: [24] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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[25]
Domestic Violence and the Law
Domestic violence has traditionally been defined as violence in the home, or between family members. As society's definition of family has changed, so has the law's definition of family violence. While some states cling to the traditional view of domestic violence as between spouses or former spouses, increasingly legislatures are expanding the scope of the law to include children, relatives, unmarried persons living together, persons with a child in common, and even those in an "intimate relationship."
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From: [27] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[28]
Elder Abuse and the Law
The "graying of America" has given senior citizens a large and powerful political voice. As a result, crimes against the elderly, particularly those involving abuse or neglect, are coming to the attention of the general public and our nation's elected policy makers.
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From: [30] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[31]
Extensions of the Criminal & Civil Statutes of Limitations in Child Sexual Abuse Cases
Most states have laws limiting the time during which crimes other than murder may be prosecuted. All states have time limitations for bringing a lawsuit to recover money for damages from the wrongdoing of another -- a civil action. In recent years, many states have adopted extensions to their criminal and civil statutes of limitation for cases of child sexual abuse and in certain other sexual assault cases. The length of the extension varies greatly between the states.
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From: [33] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[34]
HIV/AIDS Legislation
In recent years, most states have enacted laws concerning the testing of criminal offenders and their victims for infection and transmission of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome, (AIDS). Such laws were passed in response to the recognized possibility of the transmission of HIV/AIDS during sexual assault or abuse, as well as other crimes where an exchange of bodily fluids takes place. They were also the result of a new understanding of the added trauma a sexual assault victim endures when faced with the possibility of having contracted a terminal disease. In a study conducted by the National Center for Victims of Crime and the National Crime Victims Research and Treatment Center, 40 percent (40%) of sexual assault victims indicated that the fear of contracting HIV/AIDS was a major concern.
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From: [36] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[37]
Overview of the Criminal Justice System
The criminal justice system can be
overwhelming, confusing and intimidating for anyone who does not work within the system on
a regular basis. Imagine the response of a crime victim as he or she attempts to navigate
the very imposing "criminal" justice system.
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From: [39] NCVC "Get Help" General Information |
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[40]
Restitution Legislation
The practice of requiring an individual who has harmed another to repay the victim for the harm caused has been at the heart of jurisprudence in the civilized world. In fact, throughout most of history, the concept of repayment or restitution was inseparable from principles of crime and punishment. But as the power of the state grew, and as the interest of monarchs to intervene in an effort to quell violent settlement of disputes also grew crimes against individuals became "crimes against the state."
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From: [42] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[43]
Right to Privacy Legislation
Many states have laws to protect the confidentiality of victims of crime. Confidentiality laws exist to encourage the reporting of offenses, and to prevent the re-victimization of the crime victim through publicity, unwarranted intrusion upon the victim's privacy, and insensitive treatment by the media. To find out what confidentiality rights exist in your state, visit your local law library or contact your state Attorney General or state legislator.
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From: [45] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[46]
Stalking and the Law
Stalking, commonly defined as "the willful, malicious and repeated following or harassing of another person" is gaining recognition and credibility as a serious crime in the United States. Victims of stalking include those currently at risk of physical and/or emotional harm, and those in constantly pending danger, but not immediately at risk. Women are the victims of stalking in disproportionate numbers
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From: [48] NCVC "Get Help" Legislative Topics |
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[49]
Stalking: Incident/Behavior Log
It is critical that victims of stalking maintain a log of stalking-related incidents and behavior. Recording this information will help to document the behavior for restraining order applications, divorce and child custody cases, or criminal prosecution. It can also help preserve your memory of individual incidents about which you might later testify.
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From: [51] NCVC "Get Help" Stalking |
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[52]
VAWA and U-Visas Questions and Answers
Can I call the police if I am being sexually or physically abused and do not know my immigration status? You can call 911 in case of emergency. Domestic and sexual violence are crimes regardless of your legal status. You have the legal right to keep your immigration status private. You do not have to tell the police or a shelter what your immigration status is.
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From: [54] The New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault |
[1]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_12.html
[2]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_12.html
[3]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[4]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_70.html
[5]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_70.html
[6]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[7]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_71.html
[8]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_71.html
[9]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[10]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_15.html
[11]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_15.html
[12]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[13]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_72.html
[14]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_72.html
[15]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[16]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_17.html
[17]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_17.html
[18]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[19]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_18.html
[20]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_18.html
[21]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[22]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_21.html
[23]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_21.html
[24]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[25]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_73.html
[26]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_73.html
[27]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[28]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_74.html
[29]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_74.html
[30]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[31]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_75.html
[32]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_75.html
[33]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[34]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_76.html
[35]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_76.html
[36]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[37]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_20.html
[38]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_20.html
[39]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_2.html
[40]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_77.html
[41]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_77.html
[42]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[43]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_78.html
[44]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_78.html
[45]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[46]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_82.html
[47]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_82.html
[48]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_11.html
[49]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_69.html
[50]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_69.html
[51]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_10.html
[52]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_121.html
[53]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_121.html
[54]: http://www.nycagainstrape.org/home/nycaasa/stage.nycagainstrape.org/survivors_factsheet_series_15.html
Copyright © 2000-2008 by The New York City Alliance Against Sexual Assault